ESO085-047
Buta classification: SB(s)m
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Asymmetric diffuse light in the north through northwest may
cause the breaks. Note strong m=1 power onset at first break radius.
Low central SB (~23): visible disk may actually be a weak bar, and
break may denote faint outer spiral arms.
ESO358-015
Buta classification: SA(s)mpec
Break classification: IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at transition between symmetric central
region and strongly lopsided outskirts. Second break occurs at peak
intensity of this outer lopsided region, suggesting a single spiral
mode.
ESO358-025
Buta classification: SA(lr)0+[d]/Sph
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break near 50'' was significant, but lost significance with harsher masking.
ESO402-030
Buta classification: SA(rs)0o+[c]
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Original Type III break located in a central region that is
not exponential, hence may still be dominated by bulge light.
ESO407-014
Buta classification: SA(_rs)a_b
Break classification: IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Initial break occurs where outer spiral arms dominate
isophotes, then breaks again downward at the peak intensity of these
outer spiral arms.
ESO480-025
Buta classification: SA(s)m
Break classification: IIId +IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Inner spiral structure more clearly visible in optical images
from e.g. NED (integrated color also blue: B-V ~ 0.6). Unclear due to
low SB but has the characteristics of inner spirals+faint outer
spirals/ring.
ESO576-001
Buta classification: S_AB(r)a
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: II(S)+III
Notes: Inner break clearly follows spiral structure outside inner
ring. Outer break appears related to extended diffuse light mixed
with sky background: note large m=1 and 2 amplitudes in outskirts.
IC0797
Buta classification: SAB(s)dm:/Sph
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Innermost break appears related to excess of light on south
side, possibly a faint outer ring. Outermost break has no clear
origin, but m=1 amplitudes increase beginning at break radius, hence
can be designated IIIa.
IC0863
Buta classification: (R')SB(rs)b
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Unsharp image implies break occurs at onset of outer spiral
arms emerging from inner bar+(R') structure, hence galaxy is an "oval
galaxy" candidate. Deeper imaging should reveal a Type II break
farther out (possibly visible already at ~35''?).
IC2007
Buta classification: SB(r_s)d_m
Break classification: IId+IIIs
L16 break classification: II(S)+III
Notes: Inner break clearly related to spiral structure. Outer break
very unclear, but ellipticity does gradually increase from ~25'' onward
so potentially spheroid contribution. Alternative explanation is that
the inner spiral structure+bar constitute an oval, and the outskirts
form an outer ring/pseudoring that is not yet fully resolved in the
imaging.
IC2056
Buta classification: (L)SA(r_s)bc
Break classification: IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Suspected oval galaxy, with the lens radius marking the edge of
the oval distortion (as in e.g. the galaxy M94). Inner break occurs
at onset of outer ringlike structure (elevated by star formation: this
is visible in
the
Carnegie-Irvine Survey image of the galaxy), and outer Type II break
occurs at peak of this ring. Note how outer ring appears to emerge
from the ends of the lens (Q3 masked image).
IC3267
Buta classification: SA(rs)0/_a
Break classification: III
L16 break classification: II(r)+III
Notes: Original Type II classification lands at inner pseudoring
radius, hence is ignored here. Outer break connected to some diffuse
outer isophotes, but too faint to determine their nature.
IC5267
Buta classification: (RL)SA(rl)0/a
Break classification: IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Inner break appears to mark onset of outer ringlens, and outer
break marks peak intensity of this structure, which spans a large
range in radius.
IC5332
Buta classification: S_AB(s)cd
Break classification: IId+IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Inner break appears related to tightly wound spiral structure.
Outer two breaks seem to straddle a region of enhanced star
formation. Galaxy has hallmarks of an oval galaxy, but
avoiding this classification due to lack of lens classification.
NGC0150
Buta classification: SAB(r_s)ab
Break classification: IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at onset of outer spiral arms (clearly
visible in Q3 mask image), followed by Type II break at the peak of
these arms. Another "oval galaxy" candidate given strong change in
ellipticity at the first break radius.
NGC0244
Buta classification: (L)SA(r_s)m:
Break classification: IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: III+II(AB)
Notes: First break occurs at onset of what looks to be a single spiral
arm on the east side, categorized as an outer lens. Type II break
occurs at peak flux of this feature (coincident with the outer lens
radius).
NGC0289
Buta classification: (R'R'L)SAB(rsrs)_ab:
Break classification: IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Ignoring complex internal structure for convenience, but galaxy
is also a good "oval galaxy" candidate. First break occurs at onset
of outer spiral arms, second break is coincident with peak flux of
these features (occurs slightly before R'R'L radius). Increase in
slope beyond this point is also likely real as galaxy is surrounded by
tidal features, but was not robust to sky perturbations.
NGC0474
Buta classification: (R')SAB(r'l)0/apec
Break classification: IIId+IId+IIIa (+IId+IIIa)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Breaks occur at onsets and peaks of various features across the
disk. Type II break at ~95'' and Type III break near ~110" are also
significant, but analysis is limited to finding three breaks. Outer
breaks are all clearly related to extended tidal features that
surround the galaxy.
NGC0488
Buta classification: SA(rs_rl)0/_a
Break classification: IIId+IId +IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at onset of outer flocculent spiral
structure. Second break occurs at peak flux of one of these tightly
wound spiral arms (most clearly visible in optical images). Third
break's origin is unclear, however isophotes become systematically
rounder beginning at the break radius and show no strong visual
asymmetry (high m=1 amplitude likely due to wrong isophote shape).
NGC0680
Buta classification: SA(r'l)0opec
Break classification: IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break occurs at peak flux of feature resembling a single
spiral arm.
NGC0723
Buta classification: (R')SA(r_s)b_c
Break classification: IId+IIId
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: First break is coincident with a ring structure in the inner
disk, second break occurs at the onset of a potential faint outer ring
or spiral arms. Possible "oval galaxy": deeper imaging may reveal a
second Type II break farther out.
NGC0772
Buta classification: SA(rs)a_bpec
Break classification: IId+IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break coincides with peak of southern spiral arm, second
break occurs as outer northern arm begins to dominate isophotes.
Final break is unclear, but may be related to the arm that caused the
second break.
NGC0899
Buta classification: SA(s)d_m
Break classification: IIIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Potentially could be considered one break, but a mild plateau
region in slope is present in between the two. Strong m=1 power
throughout the galaxy results in the gradual increase in slope.
NGC1051
Buta classification: SAB(s)d:
Break classification: IId+IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Structures related to breaks are more readily visible in
optical images. Initial break appears associated with spiral feature
curving from the north to the southwest, outer break with a set of
external spiral arms (traceable by HII regions in g-band image). A
second Type II break may exist at fainter levels (80''?)
NGC1076
Buta classification: SA(r_s)b:
Break classification: 0
L16 break classification: III+III
Notes: Slope is continually rising outside of (r_s) region, hence no
"break" can be clearly defined. Galaxy appears to have loosely wound
spiral arms at very faint levels; profile may reflect isophote shape
mismatch (resulting in strong m=2 amplitude as well?).
NGC1084
Buta classification: SA(s)c
Break classification: IId+IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break is clearly associated with spiral structure.
Second break is related to almost boxlike outer isophotes, potentially
loose and wide spiral features? Alternative classification would be
IIIa, however m=1 amplitude is low hence these features are
symmetric.
NGC1299
Buta classification: SA(s)_bc:pec
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: I
Notes: Break related to enhancement in light on southwestern side.
Symmetric enhancement visible on opposite side but not as strong.
NGC1302
Buta classification: (RLRL)SAB(_rlbl)0+
Break classification: IIId+IId+IIIs
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: Galaxy appears to be an "oval galaxy": lenslike
structure, and sharp change in ellipticity outside of outer ringlens
radius to rounder isophotes. First break thus falls in region outside
inner lens and inside outer spiral arms/ring, and second break falls at
peak SB of outer arms. Third break origin is less clear; by strict
definition due to gradual increase in ellipticity beyond break radius
it can be called "s".
NGC1310
Buta classification: (R')SA_B(rs)_cd
Break classification: IIId+IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First two breaks clearly associated with (R') structure. Third
break occurs where m=1 amplitude begins to increase, hence due to
faint lopsided outer isophotes.
NGC1345
Buta classification: SB(s)m
Break classification: IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Breaks appear associated with faint outer spiral arms.
NGC1357
Buta classification: (R'L)SA(_rs)0/a
Break classification: IIId+IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Inner two breaks related to internal tightly wound spiral
arms. Outer break occurs where outer (R'L) structure ends.
NGC1367
Buta classification: (RLR')SAB(rs)0/a
Break classification IIId+IIId+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at ringlens radius, second at onset of outer
pseudoring, third appears to be where outer pseudoring peaks in SB
(tracing ridge of single spiral arm on northeast side?).
NGC1385
Buta classification: SB(s)dmpec
Break classification: IIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Initial break clearly associated with spiral features. Outer
break occurs at onset of strong asymmetry in the galaxy's south,
possibly a single tightly wound spiral arm looping around the galaxy?
NGC1553
Buta classification: SA(rlnrlnb)0+/E(d)0
Break classification: IIIa+IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at peak of m=1 amplitude in inner region.
Outer break shows sharply rising ellipticity in isophotes: note
classification is potentially E(d)0 as well.
NGC1566
Buta classification: (R_1')SAB(rsr_s)b
Break classification: IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Very clearly an "oval galaxy", hence ignoring entire inner oval
disk in the classification. Initial break occurs as outer spiral
arms/ring begin to dominate, then at peak of arms is a Type II break.
NGC1637
Buta classification: SAB(s)b
Break classification: IIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: II(S)+III
Notes: First break appears related to lopsided spiral structure in
inner disk (lopsidedness may account for the very gradual change of
slope). Outer break clearly associated with strong excess of
light on galaxy's north side.
NGC2460
Buta classification: SA(r'l)a
Break classification: 0 (+IId?)
L16 break classification: III+III
Notes: Region inside the noise regime is not well-fit by an
exponential anywhere. The visible part of this galaxy, however,
appears to be an oval distortion, as double spiral arms emerge from
it and extend to the edges of the frame; the Type II break located
near ~130'' is likely real and associated with these outer
arms.
NGC2775
Buta classification: SA(l_rs)_0/a
Break classification: IIIa +IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break potentially associated with light excess on south
side (visible in Q3 mask image and slight m=1 enhancement just beyond
break radius). Final break is suspect as galaxy is nearly off the
frame at this radius.
NGC2782
Buta classification: SA(rsnr)apec
Break classification: IIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break follows peak SB of western spiral arm, second break
clearly arises from diffuse tidal features surrounding galaxy.
NGC2844
Buta classification: SA(r)_0/a
Break classification: IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Classification is tentative; the isophotes do appear to become
rounder in the outskirts (most visible on the sky, given the
inclination), however the profile as a whole appears better fit with a
higher Sersic index. Type 0 may thus also be considered for this
galaxy.
NGC2854
Buta classification: SAB(r)_ab
Break classification: IId+IIId
L16 break classification: II(S)+III
Notes: First break occurs at peak SB of double spirals, second break
occurs when the same spirals (which are loosely wound) begin to
dominate the isophotes again.
NGC2967
Buta classification: (R')SAB(rs)c
Break classification: IId+IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break clearly occurs at radius of (R'). Second denotes onset of
southern single spiral arm. Third appears related to very faint
spiral arms in outskirts (more apparent in optical images); final Type
II break at ~100'' is potentially real and related.
NGC2976
Buta classification: S_AB(s)d:
Break classification: IIIs
L16 break classification: II(BS)+III
Notes: Break occurs just as slope and ellipticity begin to continually
increase, and outer isophotes appear smooth and round.
NGC2985
Buta classification: (R')SA(rs)_ab
Break classification: IId+IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at (R') radius, second occurs at onset of
faint outer double spiral arms (clearly visible in optical images).
Final break occurs at peak flux of outer eastern arm.
NGC3155
Buta classification: SB(s)b
Break classification: IId+IIId+IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break clearly associated with inner spiral arms, second
with double outer arms. Stellar contamination is strong, but outer
isophotes suggest more extended outer arms, yielding final break; Type
II break at ~50'' occurs halfway through these structures, hence may be
real.
NGC3177
Buta classification: (R')SA(rs)a_b
Break classification: IIId+IIIa+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Slope more or less continually rises, but there are plateau
regions. First break occurs at onset of outer lopsided spiral
structure (clearly visible in optical images), second break occurs
where stronger northeastern arms dominate isophotes (gradually rising
m=1 amplitude), and final break occurs at the ridgeline of these arms.
NGC3182
Buta classification: SA(_rl)0o+
Break classification: 0
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Galaxy is better characterized by a different Sersic index,
unless more disklike region starting at ~80'' persists with deeper
imaging.
NGC3248
Buta classification: (R_L)SA(l)0o
Break classification: IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break is gradual but is clearly associated with outer ringlens
structure.
NGC3259
Buta classification: SA(r'l)bc
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Inner break clearly occurs at onset of outer spiral structure.
Final break appears associated with extended tidal features (most
visible in optical images).
NGC3274
Buta classification: SA(s)m/Sph
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break follows ridge of HII regions on the west side.
Second occurs at strong m=1 amplitude; wide side isophotes clearly
extend farther than east side, resulting in the break.
NGC3310
Buta classification: SA(_rs)bcpec
Break classification: IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break follows single spiral feature in disk outskirts, likely
tidal in origin. Type II break occurs roughly at peak SB of this
feature.
NGC3329
Buta classification: SA(l)a
Break classification: III
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break marks onset of non-exponential region, but the
ellipticity and position angle are stable, and m=1 amplitude remains
low until very outskirts. Galaxy thus does not fulfill any of our
break classification criteria.
NGC3370
Buta classification: SA(s)c
Break classification: IIId+IId+IId
L16 break classification: III+II(S)
Notes: First break occurs at onset of outer spiral arms, second and
third breaks roughly at ridgeline of first one arm, then the other.
NGC3413
Buta classification: Sd_m:sp
Break classification: IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Original Type III break is significant in median curve, and
with harsher masking, hence including it here. Given the stark
increase in ellipticity (the disk itself may be edge-on), the designation 's'
seems appropriate.
NGC3455
Buta classification: SA(r_s)c:
Break classification: IId+IIId (+IId)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Good "oval galaxy" candidate. First break associated with
internal spiral structure, and second break occurs at onset of
elongated double spiral arms. The break at ~80'' is also likely real, as
it occurs near the ridgeline of the northern, more distinct arm.
NGC3485
Buta classification: SAB(rs)_bc
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at onset of outer asymmetric double spirals,
and second occurs where northern spiral (which is stronger) dominates
isophotes. Potentially another "oval galaxy", but significantly more
disturbed than others.
NGC3583
Buta classification: (R')SAB(rs)ab
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: First break clearly associated with (R') structure. Second
break occurs at onset of very strong m=1 amplitude; the source of this
asymmetry is unclear from the images.
NGC3596
Buta classification: SA(s)bc
Break classification: IId+IIId
L16 break classification: II(BS)+III
Notes: First break clearly associated with internal spiral structure.
Second break occurs just inside patchy, star-forming spiral arms in
the outskirts (most obvious in optical images).
NGC3611
Buta classification: (R'L)SA(_rl)0/_a:pec
Break classification: IIId(+IId)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break occurs at onset of (R'L) structure. The mild Type II
break near 70'' occurs at the ridgeline of the outer spiral arm, but
disappeared under harsher masking. Expect additional Type III farther
out, as diffuse tidal features are visible in 3.6 and optical images.
NGC3622
Buta classification: SAB(s)d_m/Sph
Break classification: IIIa+IIIs+IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Potentially also classifiable as 0, however there do exist
plateau regions between breaks. Innermost break occurs at peak of m=1
amplitude, possibly related to southern light excess (Q3 masked
image), outermost two breaks occur in region of continually increasing
ellipticity. Note alternative classification of this galaxy is Sph.
NGC3627
Buta classification: SB_x(s)bpec
Break classification: IIIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Galaxy is highly asymmetric. First break occurs at southern
light excess, second break occurs at onset of single spiral-like
feature in galaxy's north.
NGC3642
Buta classification: SA(r'l)abpec
Break classification: IIIa (+IIa)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break clearly associated with single broken spiral on east
side. Type II break at ~110'' is almost certainly real as it occurs at
ridgeline of this feature.
NGC3655
Buta classification: SA(s)bc/E2-3
Break classification: 0
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Galaxy better described by higher Sersic index fit. Note
alternative classification is E2-3.
NGC3659
Buta classification: SB(s)dm
Break classification: IIIa+IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Light excess on southwest side appears to cause first break.
Second break marks increase in ellipticity, though this is not
sustained. Morphology on image is suggestive of a thick disk.
NGC3682
Buta classification: SA(r)0+
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: No clear features are visible causing the break, but
the profile has the signature of a set of outer spiral arms. Some
hint of this is visible in Q3 mask image.
NGC3684
Buta classification: (R')SAB(s)c
Break classification: IId+IIId+IIId (+IId)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at ridge of southern inner spiral arm,
second denotes tightly wound second set of spirals, and third break
marks onset of very faint outer spiral arms on northwest and southeast
sides. Spiral arm ridge near ~90'', hence gradual drop in slope is
likely real. Another "oval galaxy" candidate.
NGC3689
Buta classification: SA(r)b
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: II(S)+III
Notes: First break associated with inner spiral arms, second break
occurs near onset of high m=1 amplitude (excess light on south side:
Q3 mask image).
NGC3715
Buta classification: SA(rs)ab
Break classification: IIa+IIIs
L16 break classification: II(S)+III
Notes: First break clearly associated with inner spiral arms. Second
break coincident with steady increase in ellipticity and low Fourier
mode amplitudes. Deeper exposure may reveal faint
outer spiral arms.
NGC3782
Buta classification: SB(r_s)m
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break barely significant. Coincides with a peak in m=1
amplitude.
NGC3846A
Buta classification: SB(s)m
Break classification: IId+IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: III+II(AB)
Notes: First break coincident with single spiral arm on northeast
side. Outer two breaks associated with wide single spiral feature in
outskirts; outer Type II occurs at peak SB of this feature.
NGC3870
Buta classification: SB(r'l)0o[d]?
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break is associated with excess light on galaxy's north side
(clearest in Q3 mask image).
NGC3896
Buta classification: Smpec
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Though asymmetric, inner break appears related to internal
spiral structure. Outer break appears to be influenced by diffuse
light from a neighboring galaxy (clearly visible on northwest side of
the 3.6 micron images), or a tidal bridge between the two.
NGC3900
Buta classification: SA(rsr)0/_a
Break classification: IIId+IIId+IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Careful examination of optical image shows that each break
marks a new encounter with a series of tightly wound spiral arms
extending through the whole disk. The final break seems to mark the
very edge of visible spiral structure in the galaxy, seen as a faint
protrusion (strongest on the south side).
NGC3913
Buta classification: SA(s)dm:
Break classification: IIIa (+IIa)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break clearly associated with single spiral arm on south side.
The Type II break at ~80'' is almost certainly real and associated with
the same feature.
NGC3941
Buta classification: (R)SB_a(bl)0o
Break classification: IId+IIIs
L16 break classification: I
Notes: First break occurs at (R) radius. Second break occurs just
before gradual increase in ellipticity.
NGC3949
Buta classification: SAB(s)_cd
Break classification: IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break marks onset of continually rising slope and ellipticity
profile.
NGC3982
Buta classification: SA(rs)b
Break classification: IIId+IIId (+IId)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at encounter with somewhat asymmetric
northern/southern spiral arms. Second break occurs at fragmentary
continuation of southern arm on the west side. The Type II break at
the noise level coincides with the peak of this arm, hence is almost
certainly real.
NGC3985
Buta classification: (R')SA_B(rs)m
Break classification: IIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: II(AB)+III
Notes: First break coincides with peak SB of single spiral arm, (R').
Second break due to lopsidedness in outer isophotes, stronger on north
and west sides, possibly a continued wrapping of this arm.
NGC4032
Buta classification: SA(s)d
Break classification: IIIa+IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break caused by asymmetric spirals/HII regions (strongest
on east side), second by an outer string of HII regions (single spiral
mode?), and the final break is at the peak surface brightness of this
feature.
NGC4041
Buta classification: SA(rs)c
Break classification: (IId)+IIIa(+IId)+IIIa+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Two breaks were skipped, as software identifies a maximum of
three breaks total. Each feature appears associated with flocculent
spirals on the west side; the final Type II break occurs however at
the ridgeline of an extended, thin arm on the north side (more easily
discernable in optical images), likely a tidal feature.
NGC4045
Buta classification: (R_1'L)SAB(_rsnl)ab
Break classification: IIIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Both breaks occur beyond the (R_1'L) structure, and are likely
induced by diffuse light in the galaxy's northeast (in-frame companion
listed as having V~5000 km/s, hence may be unrelated). Mild Type II
break at ~55'' is likely real as it falls at the ridgeline of the
spiral arms, but is swamped by the diffuse outskirts.
NGC4049
Buta classification: SB(s)m:sppec/Sph
Break classification: IIIs
L16 break classification: II(BS)+III
Notes: Break occurs where the ellipticity flattens to a constant,
rounder value. Some asymmetry, but because an alternative
classification is Sph, 's' designation seems more appropriate.
NGC4108
Buta classification: SAB(rs)c
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break clearly associated with flocculent inner spiral
arms (follows HII region ridgeline). Second break occurs at onset of
lopsided outer spiral arms.
NGC4127
Buta classification: SA(s)_bc
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III+III
Notes: First break occurs at onset of inner spiral structure. Second
break occurs where lopsided outer isophotes (stronger on galaxy's
northeast side) dominate the profile.
NGC4133
Buta classification: (R'L)SB(s)_ab
Break classification: (IId)+IIId +IIIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Galaxy has the qualities of an "oval galaxy", given the offset
between the (R'L) feature and the fairly smooth, rounder outer
isophotes. Possibly the first break corresponds to tightly wound
outer spiral arms or a second outer ring. Final two breaks seem
related to mild asymmetry in galaxy outskirts, though the region is
noisy.
NGC4138
Buta classification: SA(r)0+
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at the onset of the only roughly exponential
part of the galaxy, but no clear feature is visible that causes this.
The increase in slope beyond this point, m=1, and m=2 power is
evidently a result of image quality: the local background is clearly
brighter on one side of the galaxy vs. the other. Therefore the
second break is better left out.
NGC4151
Buta classification: SAB_a(lnl)0/a
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: II.i
Notes: Optical image shows distrubed, very extended faint spirals in
galaxy's outer regions. This galaxy thus appears very much to be an
"oval galaxy", albeit an irregular one. Possible companion visible in
g-band image in the northeast, though its distance is poorly
constrained. Amateur photographs of this galaxy found via Google
illustrate outer arm structure very well.
NGC4234
Buta classification: (L)SB(rs)d_m
Break classification: IIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: II(L)+III
Notes: First break occurs near peak of southern spiral arms, second
break occurs just beyond outer lens and may be related to lopsided
isophotes (lens regions appear as a single spiral arm winding through
the galaxy nearly 360 degrees).
NGC4309
Buta classification: SAB(_rl)0o+
Break classification: IIId +III
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break could possibly be related to outer spiral arms
(occurs just before slight peak in m=2 mode and before a mild Type II
break, albeit the latter was not found to be significant). Galaxy
inclination makes this very hard to determine. Outermost break has no
clear origin.
NGC4336
Buta classification: SAB(r)_0/a
Break classification: IIId +IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Features across this galaxy are extremely subtle. First break
may possibly mark faded outer spiral features, but this is not clear.
Outermost break appears associated with very extended, very faint
double spirals extending from the galaxy's north and south sides. The
Type II break immediately following is likely associated with these,
but was not found to be significant hence is not included here.
NGC4344
Buta classification: SA(r)0+[c]/Sph
Break classification: 0
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Galaxy is not well-approximated by an exponential outside inner
ring region. Note alternative classification is Sph.
NGC4380
Buta classification: (R)SA(rl)ab
Break classification: IId+IIIs
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: First break is clearly associated with outer ring. Second
break marks a region with gradually increasing ellipticity, but this
increase is very small. Potentially a transition into a thick disk?
NGC4412
Buta classification: SA_B(rs)_bc
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs as outer northeastern spiral arm is
encountered. Second break origin is less clear, but may be related to
lopsidedness present throughout the galaxy (the break is mild).
NGC4414
Buta classification: SA(r_s)b_c/E3
Break classification: IIId(+IId)+IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs where flocculent inner spirals dominate
profile. A Type II break follows at the peak of this structure, but
was less significant than the other two breaks discovered hence is
neglected here. The following Type III break results from faint outer
spiral arms (evident in optical images); the final Type II break
occurs at the ridge of these spirals (specifically that on the west
side).
NGC4424
Buta classification: (R_2'L)SB(s)0/a[cd]pec
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break is clearly associated with the (R_2'L) structure
(appears as a set of loosely wound double spirals). Outer break
may be related to a low SB continuation of these features, which
appear to wind around some 180 degrees on the galaxy's north and south
sides.
NGC4451
Buta classification: SA(r)0+[c]/Sph
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III+III
Notes: No significant break is found where the disk is exponential.
Original break was in region of continually rising slope.
NGC4470
Buta classification: SAd:pec/Sph
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: II(BS)+III
Notes: Galaxy appears dominated by a single spiral arm (prominent on
north side), driving asymmetry. The break occurs just beyond this
feature, where there is an excess of light in the north.
NGC4491
Buta classification: SB(r_s)_0/a
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: ellipticity begins a gradual rise at the break radius, as does
slope, but eventually ellipticity levels off. Because there is a
fairly clean Type II break at ~80'' (not marked in this analysis due to
it being composed of only the final four points in the curve), the
outer isophotes may be a set of faded outer spiral arms. This would
only become clear if the Type II break persists in deeper imaging.
NGC4501
Buta classification: SA(r_s)a_b
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break clearly follows the peak SB of a series of broken
spirals arcing through the galaxy's north. The outer break appears
related to large quantities of diffuse light in the galaxy outskirts.
Due to a large angular size, the image lacks adjacent sky, and many
artifacts are present (e.g. a grid of diffuse patches northeast of the
galaxy in the 3.6 micron image), hence it is unclear how much of this
diffuse light belongs to the galaxy.
NGC4504
Buta classification: SAB(r_s)c
Break classification: IId+IIId(+IId)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break falls near the ends of inner spiral arms (albeit
the position angle of the photometry aperture is offset with respect
to them). The second break occurs at the onset of low SB double
spiral arms in the galaxy outskirts (most clearly visible in the
g-band image); the galaxy has a clear "oval galaxy" morphology; the
Type II break seen at ~180" occurs at the peak SB of these outer arms,
hence is likely real and would persist with deeper imaging.
NGC4534
Buta classification: SAB(s)m
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break appears related to asymmetric spiral arms and
patchy star formation. Outer break occurs where a diffuse
northwestern plume becomes prominent (most visible in g-band image),
as well as irregular spiral arms on the opposite side.
NGC4561
Buta classification: SB(s)d
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The disk is generally asymmetric, however some question arises
because the m=1 amplitude drops slightly at the break radius. If the
suggestion of a Type II break at ~65'' is real, the classification
should instead be IIId, as the outer isophotes then would seem to be a
set of faint spiral arms.
NGC4580
Buta classification: (R)SA(rs_rs)a
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at peak SB of a faint triple spiral pattern,
(R), clearest in the optical images. The second break marks the onset
of gradually increasing m=1 amplitude; diffuse light is seen in the
north of the galaxy in the 3.6 micron image, though foreground stars
pollute the frame.
NGC4584
Buta classification: SB(s)0/a[m]pec/Sph
Break classification: IIIa+IIIs
L16 break classification: III+III
Notes: The two breaks don't appear obviously associated with any
visible feature, however the first precedes a jump in the m=1
amplitude. The second occurs just before the ellipticity begins a
fairly steady increase, with a continually rising slope.
NGC4591
Buta classification: SAB(rs)_ab
Break classification: IIId+IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Each Type III break occurs as a series of tightly wound inner
spirals are approached. The final Type II break occurs at the peak
flux of a faint set of double spiral arms in the outskirts (tracing
most closely the southwestern arm).
NGC4595
Buta classification: S_AB(s)_dm
Break classification: IIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: II(S)+III
Notes: First break occurs at peak flux of inner spiral arms (along a
ridge of HII regions in the north). Second break appears related to
either an excess of light just beyond these inner spirals on the
northwest side (it could be argued the break should be placed farther
in, closer to the original location), or else to an excess of diffuse
light on the side opposite.
NGC4625
Buta classification: (R')SAB(rs)m
Break classification: IIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: II(AB)
Notes: First break clearly occurs at the location of (R'), a single
spiral arm. Second break may be due to continued asymmetry caused by
this single arm mode.
NGC4651
Buta classification: SA(rs)bpec
Break classification: IIId+IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Inner two breaks straddle strong inner spiral structure.
Outermost break appears related to both elongated tidal features on
the east and west sides of the galaxy, and to diffuse light
immediately surrounding the galaxy, possibly also tidal in origin.
NGC4668
Buta classification: SB(s)m
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break appears influenced by an excess of light on the galaxy's
south and west sides.
NGC4680
Buta classification: SAB(r_s)bpec
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break's origin is rather unclear, but may be related to the
single spiral arm winding into the outskirts, specifically at the
galaxy's north side; the mild hump seen at ~40'' aligns with the peak
SB of this feature. Asymmetry thus may drive the continual slope
rise.
NGC4689
Buta classification: (_RL)SA(rsrs)b
Break classification: IIId+IId
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: First break marks region where outer (_RL) structure begins to
influence the profile, and second break is nearly coincident with the
radius of this feature hence marks the rough edge.
NGC4691
Buta classification: (R'LR')SB(s)0/a[dm]
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break appears at the peak surface brightness of the
outermost pseudoring. Second break appears associated with patchy
diffuse light surrounding the galaxy. Possibly this is noise, but
galaxy is quite irregular in appearance, hence this may be tidal debris.
NGC4699
Buta classification: (R')SB(l)0/a/E1
Break classification: IIIs+IIIs
L16 break classification: III+III
Notes: Breaks demarcate only region where the curve appears roughly
exponential. Otherwise the slope continually rises: likely better fit
by a higher Sersic index function (note also alternate classification
of E1).
NGC4701
Buta classification: SA(s)_bc:
Break classification: IIId+IIa (IIIa+IIa)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Breaks are associated with asymmetric spiral structure, the first
marking the onset of these outer arms, the second marking the peak
flux. The final smaller hump in the profile near ~65'' is where the
profile encounters the outermost arm on galaxy's west side (clearly
visible in the g-band image).
NGC4791
Buta classification: (R')SA(s)0/a
Break classification: IId
L16 break classification: II(NA)+III
Notes: Break is clearly associated with the outer (R')
structure. Increase in slope thereafter lost significance with harsher
masking, hence appears spurious.
NGC4800
Buta classification: (R')SA(r_s)a
Break classification: IId+IIIs +IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break clearly associated with (R') structure. Second
break is more ambiguous, as no obvious feature occurs at this radius,
but ellipiticity outside of the (R') radius is more or less
continually increasing, albeit with plateaus.
NGC4814
Buta classification: (R')SA(s)bc
Break classification: IId+IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break is clearly associated with (R'). The second break
marks the onset of an outer double spiral, and the third break marks
the peak flux of this feature.
NGC4948A
Buta classification: SB(s)m
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Outside of (s) region no change in slope was found to be
significant.
NGC5016
Buta classification: S_AB(_rs)b_c
Break classification: IIId+IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break appears to occur due to loosely wound, flocculent
spiral arms (note red points, the unsmoothed slope curve, shows
multiple humps in this region). Final two breaks mark outer spirals,
the onset and peak SB thereof.
NGC5033
Buta classification: (R')SA(rs)_cd
Break classification: IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III+II(R)
Notes: Galaxy appears to be an "oval galaxy" given the set of double
outer spiral arms emerging from the central disk. The two breaks mark
this feature, the onset and then the peak SB.
NGC5055
Buta classification: SA(rsrl)bc
Break classification: IIId+IIIa +IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs where profile encounters a spiral arm on
the galaxy's east and south sides. The second may relate to a slight
excess of light on the galaxy's north side, which has the appearance
of an extended single spiral mode, however this is tentative. The
final break occurs just before the isophotes become gradually rounder,
though this is a mild effect. Diffuse light is also present on the
galaxy's west side just beyond this radius, possibly noise as it lies
near the edge of the image.
NGC5145
Buta classification: (R:)SA(rnl)0+
Break classification: IIIa+IIIa (+IId)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The galaxy is surrounded by extremely faint, loosely wound,
asymmetric spiral arms (visible as diffuse light and HII regions in
the g-band image). Classification is given the asymmetric morphology,
but alternative could be IIId for both breaks. The outer Type II
break at the (R:) radius is likely real and associated with that
feature.
NGC5205
Buta classification: SB(rs)ab
Break classification: IId+IIId+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break clearly follows inner spiral arms. Last two breaks
related to outer double spirals, occurring at the onset and the peak
SB. Galaxy is another candidate "oval galaxy".
NGC5218
Buta classification: SB(rs)apec
Break classification: IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Galaxy has a very disturbed morphology, but break clearly
follows an outer spiral arm fragment on the west side. The original
break might be real and related to tidal features, but is near enough
the noise level it did not survive the noise perturbations in this
analysis.
NGC5336
Buta classification: SAB(rs)c
Break classification: IIId+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at onset of outer spiral arms (easily traced
in HII regions), second occurs at peak SB of this structure.
NGC5339
Buta classification: SA_B(rsbl)ab
Break classification: IId+IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: II(S)+III
Notes: First break falls at the midpoint of two loosely wound
spirals. Final two breaks appear associated with a single outer
spiral arms in the galaxy's north, the second again occurring at the
peak SB.
NGC5464
Buta classification: SB(s)dm
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break likely associated with northern single arm or eastern
plume-like object.
NGC5520
Buta classification: SA(l)bc
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break appears related to inner double spirals emerging
from northwest and southeast sides. Second break may be associated
with a plume-like feature on the far southeast side, which from g-band
unsharp image could be continued winding of the aforementioned
northwest arm. This may account for the possible Type II break at
~60''.
NGC5604
Buta classification: SA(s)bc
Break classification: IIIa+IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Breaks are associated with loosely wound outer spirals,
particularly the southern arm which is much longer and stronger than
the northern. The second break occurs at the peak SB of this southern
arm.
NGC5624
Buta classification: SB(s)m
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break appears related to excess light on the galaxy's east
side, possibly a single spiral arm.
NGC5676
Buta classification: S_AB(s)c
Break classification: IId+IIId(+IId)+IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at intersection of multiple bright
flocculent spirals. Second break marks onset of thick outer double
spiral arms, with a Type II break at ~105'' marking the peak SB of
these arms (specifically the northern arm, which follows the choice of
isophote); again, this was ignored because this break analysis is
limited to three breaks per galaxy. The final break marks an onset of
gradually increasing ellipticity.
NGC5691
Buta classification: SB(s)dm
Break classification: IIIa+IIIa+II
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First two breaks appear related to single spiral arm mode,
which appears to wrap nearly 360 degrees, hence is encountered twice.
The final Type II break may not be persistent: looking at the rest of
the curve in the noise regime, it appears anomalous and does not
correspond to any obvious feature.
NGC5744
Buta classification: SAB(rs)_bc:pec/Sph
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The slight break visible near ~30'' did not persist through
harsher masking, hence was rejected.
NGC5757
Buta classification: (R')SB(rs)_ab
Break classification: IId+IIId
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: First break clearly associated with (R'). Second break is
ambiguous in origin, however the galaxy has the appearance of having
faint double spirals extending from the main disk, which are visible
just beyond the break radius. They peak somewhere near ~67'', and a
brief hump in the red x's in the radial slope plot can be seen at this
radius before being overtaken in the noise regime by some higher slope
component, hence this is also ambiguous.
NGC5762
Buta classification: SA(l)0o:
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Many bumps and wiggles, but none were flagged as marking a
consistent change in slope. The optical images show extended, loose
spiral arms (in fact they suggest a very different ellipticity than
that used for this profile); the sharp Type II break at ~45'' lines up
with a faint northern arm. Presumably deeper imaging and a different
ellipticity/PA would show this galaxy to be a Type II, ultimately.
NGC5774
Buta classification: SB(s)d
Break classification: IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Breaks are associated with loose outer spiral arms (marking the
onset and peak, roughly as the second break occurs over a large radial
range). Northern arm is by far more extended than southern arm, hence
the 'a' designation over 'd'.
NGC5781
Buta classification: (R)SB(rs)a[d]
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break is clearly associated with the onset of the (R)
structure. The very slight Type II break near 40'' appears related to
this structure, however the significance did not hold up under harsher
masking.
NGC5789
Buta classification: SA(s)m
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: II(BS)+III
Notes: Strong m=1 amplitude throughout; break possibly associated with
excess light in the north.
NGC5806
Buta classification: (R'L)SAB(rsnrl)ab
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break is associated with inner spiral structure (clearly
visible in optical images). Second break occurs just as a southern
protrusion appears (note increase in m=1 amplitude here), despite
coincidence with (R'L) radius. Likely the peak SB of this feature is
near ~80'', but the mild break seen at this location was found to be
insignificant by this analysis.
NGC5937
Buta classification: SA(r_s)b_c
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break appears related to loosely wound, faint, extended
double spirals in the outer disk; the downturn in the red x's in the
slope profile lines up well with the peak SB of these arms, but is
obviously mild and being smoothed over by the median kernel. The final
break may be related to some excess light in the galaxy's northwest.
NGC5956
Buta classification: SB(r'l)ab
Break classification: IIId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break marks a region of flocculent spirals and HII regions
(easily visible in optical images). Second break origin is unclear,
but may be related to mild asymmetry in outskirts.
NGC5962
Buta classification: SAB(rsnrl)c
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The exact location of the "break" is highly ambiguous,
specifically due to the seeming discontinuity near ~60''. Regardless,
the entire disk is rife with flocculent spiral arms and HII regions,
hence no other source for the changes in slope can be identified. A
Type II break may arise with deeper imaging, assuming the star
formation truncates somewhere.
NGC5963
Buta classification: (R_2')SAB(s)b_c
Break classification: IId+IIId(+IId)+IIIa(+IIa)
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: First break clearly associated with (R_2'). Second break
occurs at onset of star-forming outer spiral arms; the break near ~40''
marks the peak SB of this feature (not included again due to 3-break
limit). The outermost break occurs as more extended, loosely wound
outer spiral arms begin to dominate the profile; the break seen at
~65'' is likely real and associated with these arms (specifically the
northernmost). Another Type III break is likely visible beyond this,
however, as tidal debris is evident on the galaxy's northwest and
north sides.
NGC6207
Buta classification: SAB(r_s)c_d
Break classification: IIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at ridge of a northern spiral/extremum of
southern flocculent spirals. Second break appears just before onset
of outer asymmetric arms along the major axis.
NGC6902
Buta classification: (R')S_AB(_rsnl)_ab
Break classification: (IId+) IIId+IId+IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Breaks all coincide with onset and peak SB of spiral arms
throughout the disk. The final break is influenced mostly by a
faint southern spiral in the outskirts. Only the three most
significant are marked by this analysis (e.g. the first Type II break,
associated with the R' structure, is not included). Tidal debris
farther out likely results in additional breaks.
NGC7213
Buta classification: (L)SA(rl)0o/E1-2
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs near (L) radius (just inside). Second break
appears related to diffuse plumelike outskirts, mostly enhanced light
on the northwest and west sides.
NGC7290
Buta classification: SA(rs)b
Break classification: IIId(+IId)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break is just at the onset of outer star-forming
flocculent spirals (easily seen in optical images). The break near
~40'' occurs at the peak SB of these arms and hence would likely
persist in deeper exposures.
NGC7371
Buta classification: SAB(r_s)ab
Break classficiation: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs along a ridge of HII regions on galaxy's
north side. Second break appears associated with excess light in the
galaxy's north, possibly tidal debris (confirmation would be ideal, as
an extremely bright star is scattering light into the frame nearby).
NGC7412
Buta classification: SAB(s)bc
Break classification: IIId+IIa
L16 break classification: II(BS)+III
Notes: First break occurs at onset of loosely wound outer double
spirals. Second break occurs at peak SB of these spirals. Break
locations are uncertain due to the loose winding and width of the
arms. This galaxy too may be considered an "oval galaxy".
NGC7531
Buta classification: SAB_x(r)a
Break classification: IIId+IIIa(+IIa)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at rough onset of a triple spiral structure
just outside of the (r). Second break appears at onset of single arm
on galaxy's west side; the Type II break near ~120'' occurs at the
ridge of this feature, hence is likely real.
NGC7716
Buta classification: (R')S_AB(_rl)ab
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs at the ridge of internal spiral structure,
just beyond (R') feature (which is also marked by a much milder
break). Final break appears related to a diffuse southwestern
plume. Third break near 75'' lost significance with harsher masking,
hence is likely induced by diffuse light leaking through masks.
NGC7742
Buta classification: SA(rl:r)0+
Break classification: 0(+IId?)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Galaxy appears better fit by a higher Sersic index profile.
The Type II break near ~70'' appears related to a faint arclike
structure in the far outskirts (more diffuse in the 3.6 micron image,
more arclike in the optical images). The profile in the noise regime
suggests that if any part of this galaxy is exponential, this part
begins at this break.
NGC7743
Buta classification: SAB(rs)a
Break classification: IIId(+IId)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Very interesting galaxy. The bulk of the visible galaxy is
almost certainly an "oval" (note the spiral structure here is
classified as 'inner'). The break occurs at the onset of very faint
outer spiral arms, which are most clearly marked by the ansae at the
major axis of the oval. The outer Type II break near ~115'' would
likely be much clearer if a position angle and ellipticity following
these outer arms was instead used, but it does still roughly align
with the peak SB of these arms hence is likely real.
NGC7764
Buta classification: SB(s)dm
Break classification: IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Galaxy looks like a merging pair. First break occurs at onset
of lopsided outer isophotes. Second break may be tracing arcing tidal
streams, but this is unclear.
PGC009559
Buta classification: SA(s)d_m:
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The 3.6 micron image shows almost none of this galaxy's
structure. The break-finding algorithm here actually found a break
near 55'', however because it is defined by only one point I'm
excluding it by hand. However, given the optical image it would not
be surprising to find a Type IId break farther out (at the ridge of
the extended spiral structure).
PGC013821
Buta classification: SB_a(s)a[cd]pec/E5
Break classification: IIId+IIIs
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break appears associated with tightly wound spirals
emerging from the ansae. The second break origin is less clear, but
because the ellipticity continues to gradually rise, and because of the
alternate E5 classification, 's' appears appropriate.
PGC027616
Buta classification: SAB(s)dm
Break classification: IIId+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break appear to mark the onset and peak of outer spiral
structure (traceable by HII regions in the g-band image).
PGC047721
Buta classification: (RR')SA(s)_ab
Break classification: IId+IIIa
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: First break is obviously related to (RR') structure, though
loose winding makes the exact break location ambiguous. Outermost
break occurs in region of high m=1 amplitude, hence seems related to
some LSB asymmetry.
PGC053093
Buta classification: (R'R')SB(rs)_ab
Break classification: IIId+IIId(+IId)+IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The first break coincides with the onset of spiral arms just
beyond the bar/inner ring region. This is overtaken by the (R'R')
structure before its own Type II break has space to appear, though
this can be seen still in the unsmoothed slope profile (red x's). The
(R'R') structure itself shows a Type II break, which is ignored due to
the 3-break limit. The final break is likely related to excess
diffuse light on the galaxy's north side.
PGC053415
Buta classification: (R)SA(rs)0/_a
Break classification: IId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The break appears to be associated with the outer (R)
structure, though this is quite faint.
PGC053779
Buta classification: (R')SA_B(s)cd
Break classification: IId+IIId +IIIa
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: First break is clearly associated with (R'). Last two breaks
are unclear. The galaxy has the characteristics of an "oval galaxy",
e.g. the large ellipticity and noticeable position angle swing outside
of the (R') region, hence the second break may indicate the onset of
outer spiral arms (the mild Type II break, though not found to be
significant, may also be associated with such arms). The final
break may arise due to slight excess light on the galaxy's east side.
UGC00099
Buta classification: S_AB(s)d_m
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The continual increase in slope starting roughly here appears
related to a set of double spiral arms, which in the g-band image are
seen to extend outward at low surface brightness. From the g-band
image, a Type II break should appear at the crest of these arms,
around ~45''. Deeper imaging would likely place the IIId break closer
to 30'', but most of the disk is in the noise regime in 3.6 micron.
UGC00313
Buta classification: (R_1')SA_B_a(s)_bc/Sph
Break classification: IIId+IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Region inside of (R_1') is not well
approximated by an exponential. The first break outside of this
appears to occur at a first encounter with extended spiral structure
(visible most clearly in unsharp g-band image). The second break
beyond this may mark a second encounter with the same feature; the
Type II break near ~35'' may be associated with it as well.
UGC01020
Buta classification: SA_B_a0o
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The bulk of the visible disk is not well approximated by an
exponential. The galaxy is disturbed and appears at a high
inclination.
UGC01862
Buta classification: (R')SA(s)c:
Break classification: IId+IIId
L16 break classification: II(R)+III
Notes: First break is clearly associated with the (R') structure,
which in the optical appears as a four-armed, pinwheel-shaped spiral
structure. The galaxy may be an "oval galaxy", as just beyond this
(R') radius the PA and ellipticity sharply change. Hence the second
break may mark the onset of outer spiral structure, though this is
hard to discern from the images. The Type II break seen at ~65'' may
be related to this feature.
UGC04621
Buta classification: SB(_rs)a
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break has all the hallmarks of an 's' type, however unsharp
mask images imply that the outer regions are composed of extended
spiral arms, making this another "oval galaxy". The lack of a strong
Type II break following may result from the use of the wrong isophote
shape, however the mild break at ~38'' could indicate its location. A
very bright star, however, contaminates the frame and may be masking
this break either through too high a sky subtraction or by incurring a
rising slope of Type IIIa in the outskirts.
UGC05522
Buta classification: SA(l)b_c
Break classification: IIa+IIIa
L16 break classification: I
Notes: Break falls along a ridge of HII regions. The outer break
appears related to the extensive debris surrounding this disk (most
obvious in g-band image).
UGC06512
Buta classification: SA0/_a:
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The large hump seen near ~30'' follows spiral structure in the
g-band image, however it was not found to be a significant, consistent
change in slope by this analysis. More extended spiral structure in
the g-band image implies that a Type III break should be visible just
beyond this point, ~38''--40'', followed then by a Type II break.
UGC06517
Buta classification: SA(_rl)b
Break classification: IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: Break occurs at the onset of outer spiral structure (clearly
visible in g-band unsharp mask). A Type II break is expected farther
out, possibly around ~55''--60'' given the morphology.
UGC06922
Buta classification: SA(s)a:
Break classification: I
L16 break classification: III
Notes: An irregular curve, but no single bump was found to mark a
significant change of slope for the disk. The previous break radius
marked the edge of a non-exponential inner portion of the curve.
UGC07129
Buta classification: (RL)SAB(s)_ab:
Break classification: IId+IIId
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break is clearly associated with the (RL) structure. The
second break may mark the onset of faded outer spiral arms; the Type
II break near ~45'' could mark the peak SB of this.
UGC07690
Buta classification: (R')SAB(s)m
Break classification: IIIa+IIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: First break occurs where outer single spiral arm begins to
dominate the profile (north side, wrapping some ~270 degrees). The
following Type II break's placement is ambiguous given the large
radial range over which is takes place, but seems to mark the peak in
SB of this feature.
UGC08909
Buta classification: S_AB(s)c_d:
Break classification: IId+IIId+IIId(+IId)
L16 break classification: III
Notes: The initial break occurs at the first encounter with the double
spiral arms winding through this disk (visible in unsharp-mask images
clearly). The subsequent IIId breaks occur at two subsequent
encounters with the same arms, the last when encountering the bright
HII regions on the galaxy's eastern side. The Type II break near 35''
is also likely real, as it occurs at the ridge of this arm.
UGC10290
Buta classification: SAB(s)_dmpec
Break classification: IIIa(+II?)
L16 break classification: III+II(S)
Notes: Break marks the onset of extremely lopsided structure, with HII
regions seemingly randomly placed throughout. The farther extent of
the profile does turn down in slope, but not in a regular enough way
this analysis was able to pick out any one point as the 'change
point'. "Exponential disk" is a very rough interpretation of this
galaxy.
UGC10803
Buta classification: SA(r_s)b:
Break classification: IIIa
L16 break classification: III
Notes: While m=1 power is high not, break does appear associated with
extended plumes on the north and south sides of the galaxy. These
appear to contain faint spiral structure in the g-band image.
