Esa Hohtola

I am a retired (emeritus) professor of animal physiology. My research area covers comparative physiology, especially thermoregulation and energetics. I have also applied bioenergetic methods to characterize metabolic profiles of genetically modified mice. Most of my studies have been done using birds as model animals. My focus has been on the role of shivering thermogenesis in avian endothermy and the use of short -term (nocturnal) hypothermia in birds. The most recent focus area is winter energetics of small resident passerines.