Natural Residential Environment and Physical Activity in Adolescence and Midlife – The Role of Greenness, Landscape Diversity, and Nature Relatedness

In her doctoral research at the University of Oulu and ODL Sports Clinic, Soile Puhakka, Master of Science, showed that living in a green residential environment was associated with higher levels of light physical activity, especially among middle-aged men. Landscape diversity (a combination of forests, fields, wetlands and landforms) was associated with higher levels of physical activity among middle-aged men. In addition, young men who had a strong nature relatedness and who had physical activity with their parents were more likely to be physically active during their recruitment age.

The aim of the dissertation was to investigate the relationship between greenness and landscape diversity of the residential environment and the physical activity of middle-aged Finns (n= 5433) as measured by an accelerometer. The data were based on a population-based Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. In addition, the relationship between the nature relatedness and self-assessed physical activity of young men (n= 914) in the Northern Finland (Mopo study) was investigated. Participants completed extensive health and health behaviour questionnaires and participated in health check-ups. The study was funded by the Ministry of Education and Culture, the Strategic Research Council and foundations.

Physical activity, or exercise, has numerous health benefits. Yet too many young people and adults in Finland do not meet the recommendation of physical activity for health. New knowledge and methods are needed to promote physical activity among people of all ages. Previous international research has shown that the presence of natural areas in residential environments can encourage physical activity. It has also been suggested that a strong nature relatedness could be one of the factors encouraging physical activity. Although the results have been positive for these factors, there are few population-based studies on the impact of natural residential environments and nature relatedness on physical activity.

The study concludes that the green residential environment and landscape diversity
contribute to physical activity among middle-aged people. In turn, a strong relationship with nature seems to encourage young people to men to be more active. The results of this study can be used for further research on the positive effects of a relationship with nature on human health. The study will also provide new information for professionals in the field of physical activity, health and urban planning to promote physical activity among people of all ages.